As part of the study, shopping centers’ energy needs were analyzed, together with potential improvements that could be applied in their design and operational phases, and a series of solutions proposed by Endesa.

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning together with lighting reportedly account for 75% of a shopping center’s energy use. Renewable options include solar energy, which will reduce CO2 emissions, and cogeneration, an electricity-heating and cooling system which is said to provide cost savings.

Endesa’s proposals include improving design, so that distribution lines are proportioned correctly to provide the right amount of power to each consumption area, substituting incandescent light bulbs for gas lamps, and using a blend of natural and artificial light in a dynamic way. Furthermore, centralized control systems can save up to 15-20%, according to the utility.